Thyroid disorders are a group of health conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck. The thyroid plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that influence various bodily functions. Disorders of the thyroid can manifest in different ways, including hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Hypothyroidism often leads to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold, while hyperthyroidism may cause weight loss, anxiety, and increased heart rate. Autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are common causes of thyroid disorders.